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The Three Jewels, also called the Three Treasures, Three Refuges, Precious Triad, or most commonly the Triple Gem (パーリ語:Tiratana), , are the three things that Buddhists take refuge in, and look toward for guidance, in the process known as ''taking refuge''. The Three Jewels are:〔B Sangharakshita, ''The Three Jewels: An Introduction to Buddhism'', Rider, 1967〕 * Buddha : Sanskrit, Pali: ''The Enlightened'' or ''Awakened One''; (中国語:佛陀), , (日本語:仏), ''Butsu'', (チベット語:sangs-rgyas), (モンゴル語:burqan) :: Depending on one's interpretation, it can mean the historical Buddha (Siddharta) or the Buddha nature — the ideal or highest spiritual potential that exists within all beings; * Dharma : Sanskrit: ''The Teaching''; (パーリ語:Dhamma), (中国語: 法), , (日本語:法), ''Hō'', (チベット語:chos), (モンゴル語:nom) :: The teachings of the Buddha, the path to Enlightenment. * Sangha : Sanskrit, Pali: ''The Community''; (中国語:僧), , (日本語:僧), ''Sō'', (チベット語:dge-'dun), (モンゴル語:quvara) :: The community of those who have attained enlightenment, who may help a practicing Buddhist to do the same. Also used more broadly to refer to the community of practicing Buddhists, or the community of Buddhist monks and nuns. == Refuge formula== Taking refuge in the Three Jewels is central to Buddhist lay and monastic ordination ceremonies, as originated by Gautama, (The Buddha), according to the scriptures. The practice of taking refuge on behalf of young or even unborn children is mentioned〔''Middle-Length Discourses of the Buddha'', tr Nanamoli, rev Bodhi, Wisdom Pubns, 1995, pages 708f〕 in the Majjhima Nikaya, recognized by most scholars as an early text. Taking refuge in the Three Jewels is generally considered to make one officially a Buddhist. Thus, in many Mahayana and Theravada Buddhist communities, the respective Sanskrit and Pali chant, the ''Vandana Ti-sarana'' is often recited by both monks and lay people: The Burmese Pali version, which differs from traditional Pali pronunciation (to suit the Burmese language phonology), is as follows (in the Burmese script and IPA): 1 () and () are prefixed to the chant when lay members seek the refuge for the second and third times respectively. The Cambodian version, or បទសរភញ្ញ (EN: Bot Sa-Rak-Phorgn), was written by Samdech Sangha Raja Jhotañano Chuon Nath with greater descriptions of the Three Jewels with Cambodian touch at the ending.〔Note: English translation of this chanting song is not 100% accurate〕 The Mahayana Chinese/Korean/Japanese version differs only slightly from the Theravada: The prayer for taking refuge in Tibetan Buddhism. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Three Jewels」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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